requestId:68499ab13c8cf3.23054092.
Original title: Dong and He Zhi Conquer and the Development of Gongyang School in the Late Qing Dynasty
Author: Zeng Yi
Source: Author Author Authorized by Confucian Network
“Republic and Monarch—Research on Early Political Thoughts by Kang Youwei” by the author, Shanghai National Library of China 2010 edition.
“Hou Han Book·Su Lin Zhi”, He Xiu’s courtesy name is Shao Gong, and he was from Fan Cheng. He is not a human-quality and elegant person, but has a thoughtful mind, and is very careful in the six studies, and is incomparable to the world’s scholars. The Grand Tutor Chen Fan rebuked him and worked with him in charge of political affairs. When the family was defeated, he stopped sitting in the wasteland and wrote the “Explanation of the Age of the Ram”, and he pondered for seventeen years. He also commented on “Filial Piety”, “Speech”, and “Speech” and “Speech” are all written in the classics and do not speak the same as Shouwen. He also used more than 600 articles of “Year” to get the original meaning of “Gongyang”. He was good at calculating and followed his teacher, Doctor Yang Bi, to recount Li Yuyi and write “Gongyang Moshou”, “Zuo Shi Gaohuang”, and “Muliang Wuji”.
Mr. Shao Gong Sweetheart GardenDoctor Yang Bi also recounted Li Yuyi for two difficult news, and Li Yu “she was young and said, “Age of the Ram”” and InseparationHistory books do not contain the affairs of the two schools of strictness and beauty. However, since Yang Bi and Li Yu are doctors, their learning is not serious or beautiful.
The preface to Shao Gong’s “Interpretation” says:
There are not the same people who have passed on “Years” and are written in a mess. Many of them are very strange and strange. The speakers are confused, and they are even more perverse, wanton, and rebellious. Although I had to ask, the lecturer said that as for the millions of people, I would make ridicule, induce others to read, and think that nothing is necessary, and I can even laugh at those who laugh., no success. Therefore, the ugly scholars who studied ancient times and learned valuable articles were called “The Legend of the Concubine”, which made the story of “The Ram” and “The Legend of Zuo” to be excited. I hate that the teacher is undecided in watching it first, and that he will be the second creation. In this life, this is not something that can be followed by the text, adhere to the argument, deficiencies, and betrayal! I have been sad for a long time. In the past, the following are briefly followed Hu Wusheng’s “Regulations” and many of them are correct, so they are therefore surrounded and ordered to write them in the ink.
It can be seen that Mr. Shao lacked his learning of Peng Zu and Yang Anle, so he proposed that Hu Wuzidu’s “Regulations” include the meaning of “Gongyang Bi”, and wrote “Explanation and Annotation” for the purpose of commemorating the annotation. Therefore, Mr. Shao’s learning is relatively accurate to the two schools of Stern and Yang, which is a new interpretation. [1]
The first teacher of “Gongyang” in the first year of the case, Hu Wusheng and Dong Zhongshu, both of whom were from the same school, were both Dr. Jingdi. After that, they all reported their own differences. Dong Zi’s learning was passed down in the government and was established as a doctor. However, Hu Wusheng’s learning was not known about what he learned, and it was probably based on ancient Chinese language. It may be described as being a common person. Hanting established science and archery strategies to benefit the rewards for the education. [2] The division of the paths of official studies is from the teacher’s method to the family method. After Dong Zi, there were two different schools of scholars and scholars, which may be certain. However, the common learning of modernization is relatively pure and has no pride in the teachings of the slut. Therefore, Mr. Shao’s learning actually reversed the root cause and explored the foundation of the teacher’s teachings, but it was absolutely different from the learnings of Dr. Xihan. Therefore, Duan Xizhong said that “the teachings of Dr. Xijing are different from foreign countries, but directly inherited the words of Mr. Hu and Dong Xian” [3].
The Qing Dynasty Ruan Yuan said that Gong Yang and Dong Sheng had “lived four commemorative doors for the four commemorative doors of Tongxi (Dong Zhongshu). The books and books were all “Regulations” as annotations, and they wrote “Gong Yang Moshou”, “Gong Yang Wenshu” and “Gong Yang Sheng’s Regulations”. Shao and Dong Sheng were very far away from each other and did not achieve the four commemorative doors, so they were actually not allowed to do so. Although, Shao Gong’s academic masters competed with Hu Wusheng and Dong Zi. However, Jiang Fan’s “A Study of Gongyang Xianshu” tried to identify it, saying that “Xiu’s learning comes from Yu, and Yu’s learning is the son of the school”, and also saying that “Zhongshu recommends the dissemination of the Five Elements, and can be seen by Zhongshu without Zhongshu’s knowledge.” “The current Gongyang is a qigongyang, not a Zhaogongyang.” In this way, the original Hu Wusheng of Duke Shao was the correct one of the inheritance of Emperor Xiaozong of Song Dynasty. [4] Duan Xizhong’s “The Examination of the “Explanation of the Interpretation of the Age of the Yangs”” was mostly discussed by Jiang Fan, and the examination was carefully reviewed. He said that Shao Gong’s “Explanation” was a Hu Wusheng version, which was different from Dong Zi’s “Fan Lu”. [5] If this is said, then the learning of Shao Gong was passed down from Hu Wusheng.
There are four major sources of academic cleanliness: First, Li Yu and Yang are well-off.When both of you can be established as a doctor, you are a serious and beautiful school. Secondly, as for the strict and savages, Shao Gong is not willing to be ruthless, he should return to the original meaning of Hu and Dong. Third, according to Hu Wuzidu’s “Regulations” and wrote the “Interpretation” which is the above-mentioned inheritance of Hu Wusheng. Fourth, he also taught Hu and Dong.
The differences between Dong and He are not valued by scholars. However, since the Qing Dynasty, with the rise of the modern literary school in Changzhou, we began to notice the differences between Dong and He, especially the main ones. This difference directly affects the thinking of the transformation of the late Qing Dynasty and the orientation of world-class academics.
1. The “standard” of Liu Fengyu
When Liu Shenshou (1776-1829) discussed the dispute between He and Zheng, the main theme was the whole. In 1805, Liu Shenshou wrote his most important book, “Art of the Age of the Yang He Family”, which focused on the purpose of discovering the Shao Gongyi Examples. This book has discussed the same questions as Dong and He Di. On the one hand, Liu believed that the books of Dong and He “if they are in line with the meaning of the Congregation”; on the other hand, when Liu’s comments and Zhang Sanshi’s examples, there was a paragraph that “the reunion becomes smaller and smaller, while the transformation of “Year” becomes more and more broad, and the inner world is filled with Xia, and it is not to mention the despise of the border.” Below it, there is a small note saying: “Dong Zi’s “The De Pian” says: ‘The congregation of rice is first to be in harmony with the inner world.’ “Fengbian” says: ‘Those who say that the martyrdom of the martyrdom are all talking about me.’ All the annotations of He’s.” It can be seen that at most, this is believed that Dong’s superiority to He’s.
Liu’s discussion on Zhang Sanshijue was a key tag on the development of Gongyang studies in the Qing Dynasty: entertainment circle, strong female, female supporting role, time travel. However, whether it is Dong Zi or Shao Gong, the most important thing is the “Sans of the Three Sects”. In the late Qing Dynasty, Zhu Yixin and Su Fu wanted to attack the South China Sea to reform, so he agreed with this statement. Zhu Yixin said, “The meaning of “The Gang” is in the three disciplines” [6], and Su said, “In fact, the words of “The Gang” are the most unintentional.” When the people of Hua Han discussed “Year”, they first focused on the three principles of communication. The people of Song Dynasty emphasized the purpose of internal and external affairs. When they arrived at Liu Shen, they put the Zhang Sanshiyi in an important position. Later, the f
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